Aksumite King Ezana boasted in his inscription that he destroyed large cotton plantations in Meroë during his conquest of the region. The export of textiles was one of the sources of wealth for Meroë. The cultivation of cotton and the knowledge of its spinning and weaving in Meroë reached a high level in the 4th century BC. Kingdom of Kush Ĭotton ( Gossypium herbaceum Linnaeus) may have been domesticated around 5000 BCE in eastern Sudan near the Middle Nile Basin region, where cotton cloth was being produced.
By 3000 BCE cotton was being grown and processed in Mexico, and Arizona. Seeds and cordage dating to about 2500 BCE have been found in Peru.
Some of the oldest cotton bolls were discovered in a cave in Tehuacán Valley, Mexico, and were dated to approximately 5500 BCE, but some doubt has been cast on these estimates. It is here that Gossypium barbadense is thought to have been domesticated at its earliest. The oldest cotton fabric has been found in Huaca Prieta in Peru, dated to about 6000 BCE. The oldest cotton textiles were found in graves and city ruins of civilizations from dry climates, where the fabrics did not decay completely. Cotton fabric was known to the ancient Romans as an import but cotton was rare in the Romance-speaking lands until imports from the Arabic-speaking lands in the later medieval era at transformatively lower prices. The word entered the Romance languages in the mid-12th century, and English a century later. This was the usual word for cotton in medieval Arabic. The word " cotton" has Arabic origins, derived from the Arabic word قطن ( qutn or qutun).
All the same tools were invented to work it also, including combs, bows, hand spindles, and primitive looms. Several isolated civilizations in both the Old and New World independently domesticated and converted cotton into fabric. The history of the domestication of cotton is very complex and is not known exactly. Cotton played an important role in the history of India, the British Empire, and the United States, and continues to be an important crop and commodity. The history of cotton can be traced to domestication.
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